الاجتهاداتُ النّحوية على كتاب سيبويه وأثرها على الفكر التّفسيري في توجيه النّص الحكيم قاعدة اتّحاد ضميرِيَ الفاعل والمفعول مثالا
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v1i49.752الكلمات المفتاحية:
النحويون ،المفسرون ، ضمير الفاعل والمفعول ، الشذوذ، التاويلالملخص
كثير ما يقف الباحثون - إذا ما تصفحوا كتب التفسير - على توجيهات تنص بمخالفة بعض النصوص القرآنية لقواعد اللغة ، حتى نجد المفسرين في مثل هذه الآيات يضطرون - للحفاظ على النص الشريف من الشذوذ - إلى التأويل أو التقدير ليوائموا بين هذا النص أو ذاك مع تلك القاعدة ، لكن ما يُؤخذ على الفكر التفسيري - ولا سيّما في مثل هذه النصوص – هو أنهم لم يحققوا في أصل أمثال هذه القواعد قبل الحكم بمخالفة النص لها ، بمعنى أنّهم لم يتحققوا من كون هذه القاعد تعد اصلا من الأصول الثابتة في الفكر النحوي ، أو بديهية من بديهياته كنصب المفعول أو رفع الفاعل ، فالحكم بمخالفة النص الحكيم لأحد القواعد لا بدّ من أن يُبنى على متكأٍ ثابت في هذا الفكر ؛ لذلك أظهر هذا البحث في ضوء دراسة قاعدة (اتحاد ضميري الفاعل والمفعول) : أنّ قول طائفة من المفسّرين بمخالفة بعض النّصوص القرآنية لهذه القاعدة النحوية لم يرقَ إلى مستوى الحقيقة الثابتة في الدرس النحوي ، وإنّما أتكأ هذا القول على اجتهادات بعض النّحويين ، وبخاصة المتأخّرين ، وقد تبيّن للبحث أن الفكر التفسيري كان متأثرا بتلك الاجتهادات حتى أدى ذلك التأثر إلى ازاحة توجيه النّص القرآني ، أو عدم الوقوف على مراده ، إضافة إلى ما تقدّم أظهرت الدراسة أنّ الفكر التفسيري لم يقف على الأصول الأولى التي قرّرها النحويون الاوائل ، ولا سيّما سيبويه الذي تطابقت آراؤه مع الاستعمال القرآني والموروث العربية نظما ونثرا ، وإنّما سارع المفسرون - مع إذعان بعضهم بصحة الاستعمال القرآني من غير تقدير أو تأويل - الى النقولات التي تبناها بعض النحويين والتي لم تكن محط اتفاق .
التنزيلات
المراجع
References
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