Religious intertextuality in the poetry of Muwaffaq Muhammad

Abstract

Abstract
Intertextuality is a modern term introduced into Arabic literature. However, it has roots in the Arabic heritage, using other names and terms that were known in ancient times (such as quotation, inclusion, citation, copying, plagiarism, and theft). The way intertextuality is employed in texts indicates the extent of a writer's culture and familiarity with previous texts. The writer intentionally or unconsciously incorporates these texts into his texts to serve the idea of his text. Therefore, intertextuality is considered an old-new critical term. Many Western and Arab critics have addressed it with criticism, analysis, and clarification, paying special attention to it. Writers and poets have also employed it in their literary works, both poetic and prose. Muwaffaq Muhammad's culture was clearly evident in his extensive literary knowledge of the poetic output of previous poets, and he began to employ his culture consciously, in most cases.  This research aims to demonstrate the impact of the Qur'anic text in enriching the poetic text of Muwaffaq Muhammad, who drew from the words, meanings, and images of the Holy Qur'an, as well as Qur'anic stories and the Prophet's hadith, which enriched his poetic experience. It highlights the poet's ability to evoke Qur'anic texts and employ them in poetic texts to demonstrate and clarify the depth of his selection and the religious use of poetry, which constitutes a significant part of his poetic texts. It also sheds light on the forms of Qur'anic and Hadith intertextuality in Muwaffaq Muhammad's poetry by analyzing and explaining a group of his various poetic models